Search results for "Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology"
showing 10 items of 38 documents
Automated Dental Identification with Lowest Cost Path-Based Teeth and Jaw Separation
2016
Abstract Teeth are some of the most resilient tissues of the human body. Because of their placement, teeth often yield intact indicators even when other metrics, such as finger prints and DNA, are missing. Forensics on dental identification is now mostly manual work which is time and resource intensive. Systems for automated human identification from dental X-ray images have the potential to greatly reduce the necessary efforts spent on dental identification, but it requires a system with high stability and accuracy so that the results can be trusted. This paper proposes a new system for automated dental X-ray identification. The scheme extracts tooth and dental work contours from the X-ray…
Readiness to change among involuntarily and voluntarily admitted patients with substance use disorders
2019
AbstractBackgroundHealth care workers in the addiction field have long emphasised the importance of a patient’s motivation on the outcome of treatments for substance use disorders (SUDs). Many patients entering treatment are not yet ready to make the changes required for recovery and are often unprepared or sometimes unwilling to modify their behaviour. The present study compared stages of readiness to change and readiness to seek help among patients with SUDs involuntarily and voluntarily admitted to treatment to investigate whether changes in the stages of readiness at admission predict drug control outcomes at follow-up.MethodsThis prospective study included 65 involuntarily and 137 volu…
Associations between parental alcohol problems in childhood and adversities during childhood and later adulthood: a cross-sectional study of 28047 ad…
2021
Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are related to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, few larger studies based on a general population sample with age groups ranging from young adults to elderly have investigated whether parental alcohol problems increase the risk of offspring subjective reports of ACE both during childhood and current adult adversities. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between parental alcohol problems and adversities during childhood and later in adulthood. Methods The 28,047 respondents were adults (> 18 years old) from the general population who participated in the Norwegian Counties Public Health Survey…
The Relationships between Early Trauma, Dissociation, and Alexithymia in Alcohol Addiction
2014
Objective Addiction is often considered a dissociative behavior that is related to alexithymia and developmental trauma. The study aims were to explore the relationships between early trauma, alexithymia, and dissociation. Methods A total of 117 (males=60; females=57) alcohol-addicted individuals and 117 healthy individuals (males=60; females=57) were administered a series of self-report questionnaires that assess traumatic experiences, alexithymia, and pathological dissociation. Results Correlation analyses indicated significant correlations between alexithymia, dissociation, and trauma and a significant difference between the target and control groups, with higher alexithymia and dissocia…
Global scientific production regarding behavioral addictions: An analysis of the literature from 1995 to 2019
2021
© 2021 The Authors.
La identidad de la diversidad funcional en la comunicación mediada por la tecnología
2017
El objeto de estudio de la investigación que a continuación se presenta gravita sobre el cambio ontológico que impone la tecnología en el ser humano. En concreto, el desarrollo de tecnologías de ayuda aplicadas a Sistemas Alternativos de Comunicación representa un interesante ejemplo de cómo dichos soportes actúan en la base de las interacciones sociales, la comunicación y, cómo esta mediación modifica la propia autoimagen e imagen social de la persona que la emplea. El presente estudio se centra en las personas con parálisis cerebral o enfermedad degenerativa neuronal y en la transformación identitaria que padecen al poderse comunicar con soportes autónomos de alta tecnología. La hipótesis…
The Perpetrator's mise-en-scene: Language, Body, and Memory in the Cambodian Genocide
2018
Rithy Panh's film S-21. The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine (2003) was the result of a three-year shooting period in the Khmer Rouge centre of torture where perpetrators and victims exchanged experiences and re-enacted scenes from the past under the gaze of the filmmaker's camera. Yet, a crucial testimony was missing in that puzzle: the voice of the prison's director, Kaing Guek Eav, comrade Duch. When the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) were finally established in Phnom Penh to judge the master criminals of Democratic Kampuchea, the first to be indicted was this desk criminal. The film Duch, Master of the Forges of Hell (R. Panh, 2011) deploys a new confrontation – an a…
Do we value mobility?
2015
Is there a trade-off between people's preference for income equality and income mobility? Testing for the existence of such a trade-off is difficult because mobility is a multifaceted concept. We analyse results from a questionnaire experiment based on simple precise concepts of income inequality and income mobility. We fnd no direct trade-off in preference between mobility and equality, but an indirect trade-off, applying when more income mobility can only be obtained at the expense of some income inequality. Mobility preference - but not equality preference - appears to be driven by personal experience of mobility.
Work-related and personal predictors of COVID-19 transmission: evidence from the UK and USA
2021
ObjectiveTo develop evidence of work-related and personal predictors of COVID-19 transmission.Setting and respondentsData are drawn from a population survey of individuals in the USA and UK conducted in June 2020.Background methodsRegression models are estimated for 1467 individuals in which reported evidence of infection depends on work-related factors as well as a variety of personal controls.ResultsThe following themes emerge from the analysis. First, a range of work-related factors are significant sources of variation in COVID-19 infection as indicated by self-reports of medical diagnosis or symptoms. This includes evidence about workplace types, consultation about safety and union memb…
Trends in high life satisfaction among adolescents in five Nordic countries 2002–2014
2019
Abstract Life satisfaction is an important indicator when assessing positive mental health aspects in populations, including among adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate trends over time in prevalence of high life satisfaction among adolescents from five Nordic countries: Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Norway and Sweden. We used data from four waves of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study from 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014 (n=109,847). HBSC is a school-based study examining social circumstances, health and health behaviour among 11-, 13- and 15-years olds every four years in many European and North American countries. The Cantril Ladder, an 11-step visual analogue sc…